Vacuum Pump
A vacuum pump is a device capable of creating a partial or low-pressure vacuum by pushing gas or air molecules out of a sealed chamber.
What are vacuum pumps?
Most modern vacuum pumps are positive displacement pumps. They remove air molecules or other gases from a vacuum chamber to create a vacuum.
During evacuation, vacuum pumps with different operating principles are used. From a technical point of view, they are significantly different from each other, and each has its own specific advantages. Therefore, for each application, it is necessary to evaluate which type of vacuum generator is most suitable.
Are you looking for industrial vacuum pumps for rough vacuum applications such as food packaging? Or rather, are you looking for a vacuum pump operating in the medium to high vacuum range for the semiconductor industry? Our product finder will guide you through our extensive product portfolio, which includes vacuum ejectors for every vacuum level and for all technical requirements.
Types of vacuum pumps
Depending on the technology, we distinguish eight types of vacuum pumps:
Oil-Lubricated Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps
The rotary vane technology makes the technical construction of the vacuum pump simple. A consistently high vacuum in continuous operation is guaranteed by circulating oil lubrication, perfectly coordinated materials, and state-of-the-art precision manufacturing. The standard oil separator features a sophisticated oil extraction system with integrated oil return to ensure a clean, oil-free discharge. Even large volumes of steam can be handled when equipped with the optional gas ballast valve. A check valve in the inlet flange prevents air from flowing back into the vacuum chamber when the vacuum pump is turned off.
Dry Claw Vacuum Pumps
With claw vacuum pumps, two claw rotors turn in opposite directions inside the housing. Due to the shape of these claw rotors, air or gas is sucked in, compressed, and expelled. The claw rotors do not touch each other or the cylinder in which they rotate. The tight clearance between the claw rotor and the housing optimizes internal sealing and guarantees consistently high pumping speeds. Synchronous gearboxes ensure precise synchronization of the claw rotors.
Dry Screw Vacuum Pumps
Dry screw vacuum pumps operate with two counter-rotating screw rotors. The pumped medium is trapped between the individual helical rotors, compressed, and delivered to the discharge port. The screw rotors do not touch each other or the cylinder during compression. No lubrication or operating fluid is required in the compression chamber.
Vacuum Boosters
Inside the housing of the vacuum booster, two rotors rotate synchronously. Due to the special shape of the rotating blades and their precision manufacturing, they do not touch each other or the housing. This makes it possible to pump media without requiring any working fluid. The two cam rotors are driven by a gear pair located at the shaft end of the gearbox and separated from the compression chamber.
Dry-Running Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps
These vacuum pumps work according to the proven rotary vane technology. Thanks to the self-lubricating rotor blades, no operating fluid is required. Compression takes place during complete drying. Perfectly coordinated materials guarantee a consistently high vacuum in continuous operation, special graphite vanes in the compression chamber, effective heat dissipation, and state-of-the-art precision manufacturing.
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps
Liquid ring vacuum pumps have an eccentrically mounted impeller. The liquid ring is formed by the operating fluid (usually water) rotating concentrically inside the housing. The process gas enters through the inlet, moves between the impeller blades and is compressed before being discharged through the outlet, along with a certain amount of operating fluid. Liquid ring vacuum pumps can be operated as a simple continuous flow system, or as a partial or total recirculation system.
Scroll Vacuum Pumps
Scroll vacuum pumps consist of both a fixed and an orbiting scroll. As the orbiting scroll moves, voids are created at the pump’s inlet, drawing in the gas. Through the movement of the rotor, the gas is continuously compressed until it is finally discharged.
Diffusion Vacuum Pumps
The diffusion vacuum pump structure consists of an oil boiler connected to a central multi-stage injection assembly. Heated oil is ejected from the jet assembly at supersonic speeds, and process gas molecules are entrained in the oil jet and transferred through the pump body by the momentum of the heavier oil molecules. This process moves gas molecules from the low pressure inlet flange to the foreline port of the diffusion pump, where the oil condenses and returns to the boiler, and the process gas molecules are removed by the backing pump.
What are the main uses of vacuum pumps?
Vacuum pumps and vacuum systems are used in different industrial sectors and in various applications. Each of these applications requires a specific level of vacuum.
For example, in the food industry, in metallurgy or in drying or distillation processes, usually only a rough vacuum is required. On the other hand, in particle acceleration, an ultrahigh vacuum is necessary.
Common vacuum applications are:
- Packaging
- Evacuation
- Distillation
- Pneumatic conveying
- Handling and lifting
- Drying
- Freeze drying
- Degassing
- Forming, pressing, and laminating
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